What Is Gastric Dilatation – Volvulus in Dogs (GDV)

Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV), commonly known as “bloat,” is a severe and potentially fatal condition if left untreated. It occurs when a dog’s stomach fills with gas, food, or fluid and then twists, which cuts off blood flow. GDV can develop suddenly and progress rapidly, making it a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate veterinary attention.

What Causes GDV?

The exact cause of GDV is not fully understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to its development, including: 

Dog Breeds

While any dog can experience Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV), it occurs more frequently in large and deep-chested breeds:

• Great Danes
• Basset Hounds
• Weimaraners
• Irish Setters
• German Shepherds
• Saint Bernards
• Standard Poodles

Eating Habits

Eating large meals, especially quickly or after a period of fasting, can increase the risk of GDV. 

Stress or Anxiety

Anxious dogs are believed to be at a higher risk, especially those exposed to stressful situations or environments like boarding kennels.

Age, Sex and Weight

Older dogs (over 7 years old) are the highest-risk group. Bloat also occurs in males who weigh over 99 pounds.

Recognizing the Signs of GDV

Symptoms of Gastric Dilatation – Volvulus can develop rapidly and may be mistaken for less severe issues like indigestion. Untreated GDV is fatal. 

Signs include:

• restlessness
• pacing
• swollen or distended abdomen
• painful abdomen
• overall look of distress
• unsuccessful attempts to vomits
• excessive drooling
• panting or rapid breathing
• collapse/inability to stand
• dry heaving
• pale gums

Treatment of Bloat

Bloat is treatable if detected early. Emergency surgery is required to untwist the stomach, as this is the only effective way to address the condition.

Treatment Includes:

• IV Fluids with Electrolytes: To aggressively treat shock and improve circulation to vital organs.
• Pain Medications & Antibiotics: To manage discomfort, shock, and tissue death from lack of circulation.
• Trocharization: A procedure to decompress the stomach by releasing trapped air, restoring blood flow.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG): To monitor for any heart abnormalities.
• Surgery: Performed once the dog is stable. Depending on the severity, the vet may untwist the stomach and/or spleen, remove any necrotic stomach tissue, and perform a gastropexy—stitching the stomach to the body wall to prevent future rotation.

Recovery

Dogs with simple bloat typically recover quickly. They return to their normal routines within one-to-two days after receiving fluids and engaging in frequent walks.

For dogs undergoing a gastropexy procedure, hospitalization continues until their pain is managed and they are eating and drinking normally on their own.

Following your vet’s discharge instructions is crucial for a smooth recovery. This generally includes 10 to 14 days of rest, monitoring the incision site, and administering oral medications as prescribed. A cone or recovery suit can help prevent your dog pup from licking or chewing at the surgical incision during healing.

Preventing GDV 

Although we can’t fully prevent GDV from happening, there are steps you can take to lower the risk:

• Feed smaller, more frequent meals and restrict activity for 1-2 hours after eating.
• Avoid using raised food bowls.
• Prevent drinking large amounts of water all at once.
• Limit strenuous exercise on a full stomach.

Preventive Gastropexy Procedure

A gastropexy is an effective preventive measure that can reduce the likelihood of the stomach twisting if bloat occurs. This procedure prevents twisting 95% of the time, and is especially popular among owners of large-breed dogs. Many choose to have it done when their dog is young, often during neutering or spaying. 

Be Prepared!

GDV is a fatal emergency without immediate treatment. Know your nearest 24/7 veterinary emergency clinic, as your regular vet may not be available or equipped to handle this critical condition. If you suspect bloat, call ahead to alert them. Rapid veterinary intervention is essential for survival.

Do not hesitate to contact us. GDV is a true pet emergency, and the sooner your dog receives treatment, the better their chances of recovery.